Magnetic resonance imaging procedures were performed on patients diagnosed with acute cholecystitis or biliary conditions, demonstrating a positive Murphy's sign, possibly accompanied by jaundice, abnormal liver function tests, and elevated white blood cell counts. To determine the effectiveness of the diagnostic approach for acute cholecystitis, the sensitivity, specificity, Positive Predictive Value (PPV), and Negative Predictive Value (NPV) were calculated. Data analysis, using SPSS version 20, encompassed both data entry and interpretation. Forty subjects were selected for the current study. Female subjects constituted 27 (675%) of the group, and male subjects constituted 13 (325%). Patient ages, ranging from 16 to 79 years, averaged 49.4 years. A considerable portion of the patients fell within the age bracket of 40 to 60 years (575%). The diagnostic performance of Magnetic Resonance imaging in cases of acute cholecystitis yielded results of 100% for sensitivity, 666% for specificity, 944% for positive predictive value, and 100% for negative predictive value. The presence of acute cholecystitis, often accompanying gallstone disease, was evident in 72.5% of the patient population, showcasing sensitivity of 96.5%, specificity of 27.7%, positive predictive value of 77.7%, and negative predictive value of 75.0%. For the pre-operative assessment of acute cholecystitis in emergency situations, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP) provide an exceptional method for evaluating biliary pathology.
A significant population segment is affected by chronic rhinosinusitis, a disease that leads to substantial long-term health difficulties. Initial treatment protocols mandate a clinical evaluation, which is then followed by the commencement of empirical antibiotic therapy. The utilization of empirical antibiotics could unfortunately exacerbate the disease, potentially resulting in the continuation of chronic sinusitis. A prerequisite for initiating an antibiotic protocol for chronic rhinosinusitis is a thorough bacteriological assessment coupled with the identification of sensitive antibiotics. To investigate the bacterial species present in nasal swabs of patients with chronic rhinosinusitis and to identify which antibiotics effectively target these bacterial isolates is the key objective of this study. The ENT Head and Neck Department of this tertiary care hospital hosted a prospective, cross-sectional study. This study's subjects were patients diagnosed with chronic rhinosinusitis, from whom nasal swabs were collected during nasal endoscopy for subsequent culture and sensitivity analysis. GW4869 Data input into Microsoft Excel was followed by statistical analysis using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS). The study's ethical considerations were addressed and approved by the Ethical Committee of Kathmandu Medical College. From a collection of 69 samples, 60 (representing 87%) displayed bacterial growth. Within this group, 49 (82%) were identified as Gram-positive, and 11 (18%) were Gram-negative. Of the bacterial isolates, Staphylococcus aureus was the predominant species, representing 42% of the total, with coagulase-negative Staphylococcus strains comprising 25% of the isolates. From the gram-positive isolates, amoxicillin demonstrated the greatest susceptibility. Conversely, the most susceptible antibiotics in gram-negative isolates were ceftriaxone, levofloxacin, imipenem, meropenem, and piperacillin. This study examined the bacterial populations within sinus endoscopic nasal swabs from chronic rhinosinusitis patients, subsequently identifying antibiotic sensitivities. A rational approach to antibiotic prescription for chronic rhinosinusitis will be enabled by this research.
The condition of inflammation in the gums is clinically described as gingivitis. Despite the possibility of reversal, this state can unfortunately contribute to periodontitis. The ultimate outcome might involve tooth exfoliation, diminishing the ability to chew effectively, and consequently impacting the overall quality of life. GW4869 For pregnant women, gingivitis demands careful and specific assessment, treatment, and focused attention. A shortage of documentation exists regarding the commonness of gingivitis in pregnant persons within the least developed nations. To ascertain the incidence of gingivitis during the second trimester of pregnancy, examining its correlation with age, parity, educational attainment, occupation, gravidity, oral hygiene routines, and the frequency of tooth brushing. A descriptive study, observational in nature, was conducted in Kathmandu, Nepal, on 384 pregnant women during their second trimester. Oral hygiene practices and habits, in conjunction with demographic variables and general information, were documented during the interview. Measurements of plaque and gingival indices were taken at four sites per tooth during the complete oral examination of each patient. A substantial 763% prevalence of gingivitis characterized pregnant women in their second trimester. The presence of gingivitis was statistically linked to the variables of gravida and parity. GW4869 Gingivitis incidence demonstrated no statistical link with the variables of age, level of education, profession, oral hygiene habits, and the frequency of tooth brushing. Pregnant women in Nepal show a high incidence rate for gingivitis. Specific strategies to elevate periodontal health in expectant mothers of the least developed nations should be put in place.
COVID-19, a disease characterized by a spectrum of clinical and pathological organ dysfunctions, can manifest in severity from asymptomatic cases to fatal outcomes. COVID-19 patient care and monitoring may be improved by the incorporation of biochemical and hematological markers. This study aims to observe the changes in serum biochemical and hematological parameters among COVID-19-positive patients treated at a tertiary care hospital. In a cross-sectional study, all COVID-19 positive patients at Nobel Medical College Teaching Hospital, Biratnagar, Nepal, were observed between December 15, 2021, and February 15, 2022, for descriptive analysis. The clinical laboratory services provided the serum biochemical and hematological parameter test results, obtained for these patients, for a retrospective analysis. The data, having been entered into MS Excel, underwent analysis using SPSS version 20. From the 11,699 diagnosed COVID-19 patients, 712, representing 46.32% of the total, were male, and 825, representing 53.68% of the total, were female. The mean age of patients who contracted COVID was 40,032,008 years. Significant increases in serum SGOT, SGPT, ALP, and GGT were found in COVID-positive patients, reaching 399%, 428%, 323%, and 472% respectively. Patients displayed significantly elevated blood urea, creatinine, uric acid, and sugar levels in 63%, 561%, 331%, and 476% of the cases, respectively. Patients exhibited a substantial increase in serum levels of LDH (521%), D-dimer (759%), CRP (716%), and procalcitonin (PCT) (612%), respectively. There was a marked decrease in total cholesterol, triglyceride, HDL, and LDL serum levels, specifically 522%, 438%, 701%, and 603% respectively, in a substantial number of patients. Among COVID-positive patients, red blood cell concentration decreased by 566% and hemoglobin levels dropped by 536%. In contrast, total leukocyte count rose by 807%, neutrophils by 879%, and lymphocytes fell by 794%. The COVID-19 positive patient population was categorized into two groups based on their serum biochemical and hematological marker test results; one group displayed significant changes, whereas the other group demonstrated typical findings.
Background: Close relationships often witness the abuse or harm characterized as intimate partner violence (IPV). The World Health Organization (WHO) reported a global prevalence of 35% for intimate partner violence amongst women in industrialized and developed nations during pregnancy, a factor correlated with detrimental consequences such as low birth weight, preterm birth, and even the death of the newborn. This research project aims to identify the percentage of postpartum mothers experiencing intimate partner violence and its correlation with adverse pregnancy outcomes. A structured questionnaire, comprising 13 items from the WHO Violence against women instrument, translated into Nepali, was used to conduct a cross-sectional study among 220 postnatal mothers. Face-to-face interviews, paired with consecutive sampling, served as the data gathering method at Kathmandu Medical College teaching Hospital. Employing SPSS version 20, a study of the data was conducted. In the reported statistics of recent pregnancies, intimate partner violence affected 327% of women, categorized into physical violence (286%), psychological abuse (309%), and sexual assault (227%). Within this population, 36% of the participants experienced the birth of a low birth weight baby, 24% had preterm deliveries, 28% encountered the loss of a baby during pregnancy, and 35% reported a prior abortion. Using binary logistic regression, a significant association was found between intimate partner violence and adverse perinatal outcomes: preterm birth (OR = 1.143, 95% CI = 0.386–3.384, p = 0.0002), low birth weight (OR = 0.237, 95% CI = 0.093–0.602, p = 0.0001), and induced abortion (OR = 0.0021, 95% CI = 0.0003–0.0175, p = 0.0001). Among pregnant women, intimate partner violence was a significant issue experienced by one-third, correlating with adverse pregnancy outcomes. To prevent undesirable pregnancy outcomes, initiatives focusing on intimate partner violence screening for women should be a crucial component of reproductive health services.
Due to the omnipresent risk of COVID-19 exposure, otolaryngology practices underwent notable modifications during the pandemic. To gauge the modifications in how Nepalese otolaryngologists clinically manage patients during this pandemic, this research was conducted. An observational study, using an online survey, was conducted from the beginning to the second week of December 2020. A questionnaire regarding changes in otolaryngological procedures was sent to 190 registered otolaryngologists working throughout Nepal's various provinces.